WCAG 2.0 · Level AAA · Operable
2.3.2 Three Flashes
Manual verification
How to validate 2.3.2 by hand
At Level AAA, check that no content flashes more than three times in any one-second period.
Start with the extension result
Reopen the reported URL and reproduce the same state (for example, after expanding a menu or submitting a form). Use the result’s Highlight action when available, or its affected-element details and CSS selector, to find the reported content. Apply the checks below to that content and its context. If the element or state has changed, rescan and record that difference before deciding whether the finding still applies.
- Identify every animation, video, transition, and interaction effect that may flash.
- Use frame analysis to count flashes in each rolling one-second interval, regardless of the affected screen area.
- Record sequences that flash more than three times and verify the exact trigger and conditions.
Evidence to record
Record the media/state and frame timestamps showing any one-second interval with more than three flashes.
Scope and exceptions
Unlike 2.3.1, this Level AAA criterion does not use the below-threshold exception. Use a measurement method; a normal-speed visual impression can miss flashes.
Record the review outcome
- Confirmed: the recorded evidence shows the requirement is not met in the tested page state, and no applicable exception explains it.
- Not reproduced: the reported issue is absent in the current state. Record the URL, state, and affected element you checked; this does not prove other pages or states conform.
- Needs more review: evidence is incomplete, the content requires human judgment, or an exception is uncertain. Record what remains to be checked instead of treating it as a pass.